Protons and neutrons, collectively known as nucleons, are the fundamental building blocks of atomic nuclei and account for nearly all visible matter in the universe, from stars and planets to ourselves. Over the past five decades, studies within Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) have established that nucleons are complex, strongly interacting, and relativistic bound states of quarks and gluons. Today, advances in both theory and experimental capability enable us to probe their internal structure at sub-femtometer scales, ushering in the emerging field of nuclear femtography. In this talk, I will highlight how the upgraded CEBAF facility at Jefferson Lab and the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), currently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory, provide complementary and essential capabilities for this endeavor. Together, they function as powerful tomographic microscopes, capable of delivering high-resolution, multidimensional images of the quark and gluon structure of nucleons and nuclei. These facilities will allow us to address some of the most profound open questions about the origin of mass, spin, and confinement in QCD, and to explore the limits of the Standard Model.

核子構造研究は50年以上の歴史がありながら今も最前線のホットトピックスです。質量の起源におけるクォークとグルーオンの割合は？スピンの起源は（クォークはほとんどスピンを担っていない）？閉込め力の起源は？など、QCD研究は、JLabのCEBAF実験やBNLで建設中のEIC実験に触発されて、世界的に大きな盛り上がりを見せています。本講演ではQCD理論研究を長らくリードされてきたJianwei Qiu博士に、QCD研究の諸問題と、標準模型を超える物理も視野に入れて、分かりやすく解説していただきます。